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Hazard Predictions

• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

In some cases, the combination of quaternary ammonium ions with strong bases can result in a hazardous reaction that releases ammonia or other amines. However, in other cases quaternary ammonium salts are used as phase-transfer agents in the presence of strong bases, and no reaction occurs between the salts and strong bases in that situation (Personal communication with chemical industry experts).

Therefore, caution should be used before proceeding. Further research of comparable examples in the literature or very small scale, carefully controlled experiments may be needed to fully assess compatibility. The generation of gases may be rather slow, however confinement may lead to dangerous conditions.

Quaternary ammonium ions (i.e. R4N+) can decompose upon heating with hydroxide ions (the Hofmann elimination). The products of the elimination are a tertiary amine, water, and an alkene (Weston, C. W., Papcun, J. R. and Dery, M. 2003. Ammonium Compounds. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Ammonia (NH3)