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Hazard Predictions

• Corrosive: Reaction products may be corrosive
• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

ALUMINUM CARBIDE decomposes slowly in presence of water or moist air to generate heat and flammable methane gas, which poses a fire risk (The Merck Index, Rahway (NJ), Merck and Co. Inc., 11th ed. 1989).

ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE is decomposed by water or moist air, evolving phosphine, a toxic and flammable gas (The Merck Index, Rahway (NJ), Merck and Co. Inc., 11th ed. 1989).

CALCIUM CARBIDE reacts rapidly with water to generate the flammable gas acetylene and the base calcium hydroxide. Enough heat may be generated to ignite the gas (Jones, G.W. BM Report Invest. 1944. p. 3755).

CALCIUM PHOSPHIDE is decomposed by water or moist air, evolving toxic and flammable phosphine gas (Fire and Explosion Risks, von Schwartz, E., London, Griffin, 1918, p.327). In experiments at Argonne National Laboratory, in which it was mixed with water and stirred at room conditions, about 28 percent of the theoretical yield of PH3 evolved as a gas in the first 10 minutes (Brown, D. F., et al. (2000) Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for the 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook, ANL/DIS-00-1, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL).

Silicides may liberate silane upon exposure to water (Phillips, C. S. G. and Williams, R. J. P. Inorganic Chemistry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965, Vol. I, pp. 619).

Lithium nitride reacts vigorously with water to generate gaseous NH3 (Brown, D. F., et al. (2000) Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for the 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook, ANL/DIS-00-1, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL).

POTASSIUM PHOSPHIDE decomposed by water or moisture in air evolving toxic and flammable phosphine gas (Hazardous Chemical Reactions, NFPA 491M, Quincy (MA), National Fire Protection Association, 10th ed., 1991).

SILANE slowly reacts with water to form silicon hydroxides and hydrogen gas, which can subsequently ignite (Mellor, J.W. 1946-7. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 1, p. 376. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

STANNIC PHOSPHIDE is expected to react with water to generate toxic and flammable phosphine gas (Brown, D. F., et al. (2000) Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for the 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook, ANL/DIS-00-1, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL).

Mixtures of CALCIUM CYANAMIDE and calcium carbide may react with water, including moisture from air or soil, to produce acetylene and hydrated calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. Absorption of water during handling or storage of technical calcium cyanamide may cause an explosion (Pieri, M., Chemical Abstracts, 46, p. 8335, 1952).

Lithium amide is flammable and reacts with water or moist air to generate a dangerous amount of heat (Chemical Reviews, 1933, 12, p.61). Lithium amide reacts vigorously with water to generate gaseous NH3 (Brown, D. F., et al. (2000) Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for the 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook, ANL/DIS-00-1, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Hydrogen (H2)
• Hydrocarbons
• Ammonia (NH3)
• Phosphine (PH3)
• Silanes