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Hazard Predictions

• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

Combinations of strong bases and trichloroethylene can react exothermically, potentially causing fires, and potentially evolving the highly unstable toxic and flammable gas dichloroacetylene (Urben, P.G. 1995. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 253).

Dichloroacetylene evolution is also a hazard for tetrachloroethylene solutions containing even a very small amount (0.5%) of trichloroethylene (Urben, P.G. 1995. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 239).

Reactions between chloroform and hydroxides can be explosive (Holbrook, M.T. 2003. Chloroform. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Online)), especially when a miscible, polar solvent such as methanol is present (MCA Case Histories 498, Case Histories of Accidents in the Chemical Industry, Washington, Manufacturing Chemists' Association).

Strong bases and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene also form dichloroacetylene (Anon. 1956. Fire Accident Prevention 42:28.).

NaOH reacts explosively with 2,2,2-trichloroethanol, possibly through production of chlorohydroxyacetylene, chloroketene, or chloroxirene (MCA Case History 1574, Case Histories of Accidents in the Chemical Industry, Washington, Manufacturing Chemists' Association).

1,2-dichloroethane and ammonia may explode when mixed (National Fire Protection Association. Publication 491M. 1975. pp. 36).

Mixture of NaOMe and chloroform reacts exothermically and can explode (MCA Case History No. 693, Case Histories of Accidents in the Chemical Industry, Washington, Manufacturing Chemists' Association).

Bromoform reacts violently and exothermically with bases (Willgerodt, C. 1881. Berichte. 14:2451).

The reaction between NaOH and 2,2-dichloro-3,3-dimethylbutane is difficult to control (Kocienski, P.J. 1974. Journal of Organic Chemistry 39:3285-3286).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Halogenated Organics