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Hazard Predictions

• Corrosive: Reaction products may be corrosive
• Explosive: Reaction products may be explosive or sensitive to shock or friction
• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)

Sodium reacts with alkyl monohalides to form higher alkanes and metal halide salts (Wurtz coupling) (Klemm, A., Hartmann, G. and Lange, L. 2000. Sodium and Sodium Alloys. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. (Online); Ackermann, R. and Lange, L. 2000. Sodium Compounds, Organic. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. (Online)). Alkanes with fewer than five carbon atoms are flammable gases.

Reaction between sodium and 1-chlorobutane may accelerate to explosion unless kept close to -23 C (Shackelford, S.A. 1970. Journal of Organic Chemistry 44:3492, footnote 30).

Poly-tetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) ignites on contact with potassium, cesium, or sodium-potassium alloy, even in the absence of oxygen (National Fire Protection Association. 1975. Publication 491M. pp. 394; Burkhardt, E. R. 2006. Potassium and Potassium Alloys. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. (Online)).

Lithium, sodium, potassium, and Na-K alloy form highly shock-sensitive explosive mixtures with many halocarbons, including chloroethane, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, bromoform, dibromomethane, diiodomethane, tetrachloroethane, pentachloroethane, and carbon tetrachloride. In some cases, highly basic metal alkyls are formed (Staudinger, H. 1922. Agnew. Chem. 35:657; Staudinger, H. 1925. Z. Elektrochem. 31:549; Pascal, P. 1966. Nouveau Trait茅 de Chimie Min茅rale. Vol. 2, Part 1, p. 39. Masson et Cie.).

Sodium reacts violently with organic halides (Lemke, C.H., V.H. Markant. 2005. Sodium and Sodium Alloys. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Online)). Halogenated organics may liberate toxic HX gases upon exposure to group I metals (Predicted).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Hydrogen Halide (HX)
• Hydrocarbons