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Hazard Predictions

• Corrosive: Reaction products may be corrosive
• Explosive: Reaction products may be explosive or sensitive to shock or friction
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

Metal azides may form explosive organic azides if stored for long periods of time in halogenated solvents (Bretherick, L. 1986. Chemical and Engineering News 64(51):2).

Explosions may occur in reactions using NaN3 with methylene chloride/dimethylsulfoxide solvent mixtures. It is not recommended to run reactions with inorganic azides in halogenated organic solvents (Peet, N.P. et al. 1993. Chemical and Engineering News 71916; Hurby, V.J. et al. 1993. Chemical and Engineering News 71(41):2). Bretherick attributes these explosions to the formation of hydrogen azide (HN3) gas (Urben, P.G. 1995. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1700).

Dichloromethane can form explosive diazomethane with quaternary ammonium azides (Hassner, A. et al. 1986. Agnew. Chem. (International Edition.) 25:479-480.).

Chloroform reacts with hydrazine to liberate toxic HCl gas (Zollinger, Heinrich. Azo and Diazo Chemistry. New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc. 1961). Other haloforms may react similarly (Predicted by comparison to similar reactions).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Hydrazoic Acid (HN3)
• Hydrogen Halide (HX)
• Acid Fumes