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Hazard Predictions

• Corrosive: Reaction products may be corrosive
• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

Methyl isocyanate reacts exothermically with water to produce carbon dioxide, methylamine, dimethylurea and/or trimethylbiuret. Heat of reaction causes evolution of the vapors of the isocyanate. Reaction is relatively slow below 20 C but becomes violent at more elevated temperatures or in the presence of acids and bases. A 1984 release of methyl isocyanate in Bhopal, India caused the worst chemical industry accident in history (at least 2000 fatalities) (Bretherick, L. 1996. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. Vol. 1, p 288. Fifth Ed. Urben, P.G., Ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, MA; Anon., Loss Prev. Bull., 1985,(063), 1-8; Worthy, W., Chem. Eng. News, 1985, 63(6), 27-33; D'Silva, T. D. J., J. Org. Chem., 1986, 51, 3781-3788).

TRIMETHYLHEXAMETHYLENE DIISOCYANATE is insoluble in water and denser than water. The compound reacts with water or moisture in the air to form carbon dioxide and the corresponding diamine (U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Available online at http://www.uscg.mil/directives/cim/16000-16999/CIM_16465_12C.pdf).

TOLUENE-2,4-DIISOCYANATE reacts with water with the evolution of carbon dioxide and formation of insoluble polyureas that are relatively nontoxic and inert (The Merck Index, Rahway (NJ), Merck and Co. Inc., 11th ed. 1989).

Organic isocyanates react with water to rapidly and exothermically evolve carbon dioxide (Mumford, C. J. et al., Loss Prev. Bull. 1991, 102, 7).

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) gas may be produced when isothiocyanates mix with water, in a similar reaction to the production of CO2 gas from isocyanates and water (Predicted).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Carbonyl Sulfide (COS)
• Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
• Ammonia (NH3)