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Hazard Predictions

• Corrosive: Reaction products may be corrosive
• Explosive: Reaction products may be explosive or sensitive to shock or friction
• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

HCl reacts with oxidizing acids such as HNO3 and H2SeO4, evolving toxic chlorine gas (Hisham, M.W.M., T.V. Bommaraju. 2004. Hydrogen Chloride. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Online)).

Reactions of HCl with fuming H2SO4 or chlorosulfonic acid are violent (Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 1893.), and HCl is dehydrated by H2SO4, causing rapid evolution of large amounts of toxic HCl gas (MCA Case History No. 1785, Case Histories of Accidents in the Chemical Industry, Washington, Manufacturing Chemists' Association; Libman, D.D. 1948. Chemistry and Industry 728.).

HF and methanesulfonic acid react violently to form explosive OF2 gas, which may be ignited by reaction heat (Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 1897.).

Hydrofluoric acid reacts violently with fuming H2SO4 (Bentzinger, von R. et al. 1987. Praxis Naturwiss. Chem. 36, 37.), and both HF and HCl enhance the oxidizing power of HNO3; solutions thereof can oxidize glycerol if glycerol is used as a solvent (Buck, R.H. 1966. Journal of Electrochemical Society 113:1352-1353; University Safety Association. 1992. Safety Digest 44:25.).

Sulfamic acid reacts with nitric acid to form nitrogen gas and NOx (predicted).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Chlorine (Cl2)
• Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
• Hydrogen Halide (HX)
• Nitrogen (N2)
• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
• Halogen Gas (X2)
• Halogen Oxides (X2O)
• Acid Fumes