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Hazard Predictions

• Corrosive: Reaction products may be corrosive
• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

HNO3 reacts violently with Na or K to produce N2 gas (Clarke, S.I., W.J. Mazzafro. 2005. Nitric Acid. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Online)).

H2SO4 dissolves all non-noble metals, producing H2 gas and the metal sulfate or bisulfate (M眉ller, H. 2000. Sulfuric Acid and Sulfur Trioxide. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. (Online)).

Sodium reacts with sulfuric acid vapor to form H2 gas and sodium bisulfate (Dickinson, F. 1961. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 2, Supplement 2, p. 453. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

Sodium reacts vigorously with acids, including concentrated sulfuric acid (Eggeman, T. 2007. Sodium and Sodium Alloys. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Online)).

Sodium ignites when it reacts with concentrated nitric acid (density above 1.056g/mL) (Bretherick, L. 1996. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. Vol. 1, p. 1486. Fifth Ed. Urben, P.G., Ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, MA.).

Sodium reacts with nitric acid at room temperature, forming sodium nitrate (Dickinson, F. 1961. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 2, Supplement 2, p. 452. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

Lithium ignites on contact with concentrated nitric acid (Bretherick, L. 1996. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. Vol. 1, p. 1486. Fifth Ed. Urben, P.G., Ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, MA.).

Lithium reacts violently with inorganic acids (Kamienski, C. W., McDonald, D. P., Stark, M. W. and Papcun, J. R. 2004. Lithium and Lithium Compounds. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (Online)).

Potassium reacts explosively with nitric and sulfuric acid (Pascal. P. 1963. Nouveau Trait茅 de Chimie Min茅rale. Vol. 2, Part 2, p. 31. Masson et Cie.).

Metals above hydrogen in the electrochemical series (including Li, Na, and K) tend to produce nitrogen, ammonia, hydroxylamine, or nitric oxide upon reaction with nitric acid (Clarke, S.I., W.J. Mazzafro. 2005. Nitric Acid. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Online)).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Hydrogen (H2)
• Nitrogen (N2)
• Ammonia (NH3)
• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
• Sulfur Oxides (SOx)