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Hazard Predictions

• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Polymerization hazard: Polymerization reaction may become intense and may cause pressurization
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

Nitriles form an explosive mixture with HNO3 and HClO4 (Anderlussow, L. 1961. Chim. Ind. (Paris) 86:542-545).

A violent reaction will occur, with possible polymerization, between acetonitrile and fuming H2SO4 (Urben, P.G. 1995. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 288).

Nitriles can be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids and ammonium salts by heating them with strong acids (Loudon, Marc. 2002. Organic Chemistry. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 955).

Toxic hydrogen cyanide gas can be evolved when acetone cyanohydrin or propionitrile are in contact with strong acids (Rich, G. A., 1993, Dangerous Chemical Reactions, Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX, p. 242).

Acetonitrile produces toxic and flammable gases on contact with acids (Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 24.).

Dialkylcyanamides may also be decarboxylated by acids to liberate inert CO2 gas (Smith, P. A. S., Open-Chain Nitrogen Compounds, Vol. I. New York: W. A. Benjamin, Inc., 1965, pp. 248).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)