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Hazard Predictions

• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

Formic acid can be dehydrated to toxic, flammable carbon monoxide gas by inorganic oxidizing acids such as H2SO4 (Reutemann, W. 2002. Formic Acid. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. (Online)), or after a delay, it can be exothermically oxidized after a delay by HNO3, evolving large quantities of toxic NO2 and N2O gases, and inert CO2 gas (Halze, K. et al. 1980. Proceedings from the 3rd International Symposium Loss. Prev. Safety Prom. Proc. Ind., Basle, SSCI. pp. 1413-1424.).

Oxalic acid is decomposed to inert CO2 gas by oxidizing acids (Riemenschneider, W. 2002. Oxalic Acid. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. (Online)).

Acetic acid is incompatible with perchloric acid and with chlorosulfonic acid (Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 16.).

Oxidizing acids containing chlorine or sulfur may liberate toxic ClO2 and SOx upon exposure to carboxylic acids (Predicted by comparison to similar reactions).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2)
• Carbon Monoxide (CO)
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
• Sulfur Oxides (SOx)
• Halogen Oxides (X2O)