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Hazard Predictions

• Explosive: Reaction products may be explosive or sensitive to shock or friction
• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

Reaction of 2-propanol with nitric acid caused rapid gas evolution (possibly NOx gases, citation needed) (Urben, P.G. 1991. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 4th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1150).

2-butanol is readily dehydrated to flammable isobutene gas by H2SO4 (Gates, B.C., J.S. Wisnoukas, H.W. Heath., and J. Catal. 1972. 2(24):320-327.).

Alcohols and glycols form explosive alkyl perchlorates with perchloric acid (Bailar, J. C., Emeleus, H. J., Nyholm, R. S., Trotman-Dickenson, A. F., Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford, Pergamon, 1973, Volume 2, pp. 1451).

Alcohols, including methanol, cyclohexanol, furfuryl alcohol, and ethylene glycol may explode, ignite, or form explosive compounds with high-concentration nitric acid (Urben, P.G. 1995. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1466. Many articles referenced.).

Nitric acid reacts explosively with ethanol; and the combination of nitric acid and furfuryl alcohol reacts sufficiently exothermically and violently for use as a rocket propellant (Clarke, S.I., W.J. Mazzafro. 2005. Nitric Acid. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Online)).

Many organic solvents, including some alcohols, explode on contact with permanganic acid (Fire and Explosion Risks, von Schwartz, E., London, Griffin, 1918, p. 327.).

Oxidizing acids may react with alcohols to liberate toxic and flammable aldehyde and halide dioxide gases (Predicted).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Aldehydes
• Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2)
• Hydrocarbons
• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
• Halogen Oxides (XO2)