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Hazard Predictions

• Explosive: Reaction products may be explosive or sensitive to shock or friction
• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

Arsine, phosphine, tetraborane, and stibene react explosively with fuming nitric acid (Mellor, J.W. 1946. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 5, p. 36. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.; Mellor, J.W. 1940. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 6, p. 814. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.; Mellor, J.W. 1939. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 9, p. 56, 397. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

Zinc phosphide can explode on contact with perchloric acid (Urben, P.G. 1995. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1258).

Magnesium silicide explodes on contact with nitric acid (Mayes, R.B. et al. 1975. School Science Review 56(197):819-820).

Phosphine and perchloric acid react to form phosphonium perchlorate, which is an explosive that is sensitive to temperature, friction, moisture, and drying, even at low temperatures (Fichtter, F. et al. 1934. Helv. Chim. Acta. 17:222; Mellor, J.W. 1971. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 8, Supp. 3, p. 274. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

H2Se and PH3 ignite on contact with fuming nitric acid (Hofmann, A.W. 1870. Berichte. 3:658-660).

Metal acetylides and carbides can ignite on contact with H2SO4 (Mellor, J.W. 1946. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 5, p. 849. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.; MCA Safety Datasheet 50, Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Washington, 1963).

Cu3N reacts violently with concentrated HNO3 (Mellor, J.W. 1940. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 8, p. 100. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

Oxidizing acids may react with nitrides, etc. to liberate toxic NOx, SOx, and XO2 gases and inert CO2 gas (Predicted). Nitrides, phosphides, carbides and silicides may liberate toxic and flammable PH3, SiH4, toxic NH3, and flammable hydrocarbon gases upon exposure to strong proton donors such as acids (Predicted).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Hydrocarbons
• Ammonia (NH3)
• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
• Phosphine (PH3)
• Silanes
• Sulfur Oxides (SOx)
• Halogen Oxides (XO2)