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Hazard Predictions

• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)

H3PO4 may react with stainless steel if Cl- is present, evolving flammable H2 gas (Piekarz, J. 1961. Chemistry in Canada 13(4):40-41).

HF reacts with carbon or nickel-chrome steels, producing flammable H2 gas (Aigueperse, J. 2002. Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. (Online)).

Magnesium reacts with most acids to form magnesium salts and flammable H2 gas (Kramer, D. A. 2010. Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 1-55. (Online)).

The reaction of magnesium with HF is limited because a layer of MgF2 forms on the surface of the metal, and this salt is stable to attack from acids or water, thereby protecting the bulk of the metal (Kramer, D. A. 2010. Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 1-55. (Online); Amundsen, K., et al. 2003. Magnesium. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. (Online)).

Formic acid dissolves Mg, Fe, and Zn with evolution of flammable hydrogen gas (Reutemann, W. 2002. Formic Acid. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. (Online)).

Ca reacts violently with acids, evolving H2 (Mellor, J.W. 1967. Mellor's Modern Inorganic Chemistry, 6th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 695).

Aluminum exothermically reduces formic acid and can become incandescent, and if mercury is present as a catalyst, it can be attacked by acetic acid (Matigon, C. 1900. Compt. Rend. 130, p. 1392; Wagner, F.S., Jr. 2005. Acetic acid. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Online)).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Hydrogen (H2)