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Hazard Predictions

• Explosive: Reaction products may be explosive or sensitive to shock or friction
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Polymerization hazard: Polymerization reaction may become intense and may cause pressurization

Acetylene reacts violently or explosively with most oxidants (Urben, P.G. 1995. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 265.).

Reaction of acetylene and halogens may be explosive, particularly if ultraviolet light (including sunlight) is present (Fire and Explosion Risks, von Schwartz, E., London, Griffin, 1918, p. 142, 312; MCA Safety Datasheet 7, Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Washington, 1957).

Reaction of ethylene and chlorine can be explosive if ultraviolet light (including sunlight), mercury oxides, or silver oxide is present (National Fire Protection Association. 1975. Publication 491M. pp. 103.).

Propene can polymerize explosively at ambient temperatures in contact with lithium nitrate and sulfur dioxide, if light is present (Urben, P.G. 1995. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 434.).

Dienes, including 1,3-butadiene and cyclopentadiene, will explode in contact with nitrogen oxides at low temperatures; non-conjugated alkenes can ignite in contact with NO at ambient temperatures (Haseba, S. et al. 1966. Chemical Engineering Progress 62(4):92.).

Acetylene can form explosive chloroacetylenes on contact with hypochlorites (Unfalle beim Chemischen Arbeiten, Rust, E., Ebert, A., Zurich, Rascher Verlag, 2nd edition, 1948, pp. 338.).

Acetylene or ethylene form explosive mixtures with trifluoromethyl hypofluorite (Allison, J.A. et al. 1959. Journal of the American Chemical Society 81:1089-1091.) or ozone (Traite de Chimie Organique, Grignard, V., Paris, Masson, 1935, Volume 3. pp. 166.).

Butadiene can form explosive peroxides and NO-derivatives if exposed to oxygen and oxides of nitrogen (Fire Protection Manual for Hydrocarbon Processing Plants, Vervalin, C. H. (Ed.), Houston, Gulf Publishing Co., 2nd Edition, 1973, pp. 63-65.).

Alkenes can form explosive ozonides or peroxides in contact with ozone (The Chemical Elements and their Compounds, Sidgwick, N.V., Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1950. pp. 862.).

Ethylene can polymerize at low pressure if catalysts such as molybdenum oxide or CrO3 are present (Sundaram, K.M, M.M. Shreehan, and E.F. Olszewski. 2001. Ethylene. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Online)).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Halogenated Organics
• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)