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Hazard Predictions

• Explosive: Reaction products may be explosive or sensitive to shock or friction
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

Mixtures of acetic anhydride and perchloric acid are powerfully explosive when in contact with any easily oxidized material (Kuney, J.H. 1947. Chemical and Engineering News 25:1658.).

Acetic anhydride forms friction and shock-sensitive explosive mixtures with nitric acid (Brown, T.A. et al. 1967. Chemistry in Britain 3:504; Dingle, L.E. et al. 1968. Chemistry in Britain 4:136; Dubar, J., J. Calzia. 1968. C. R. Acad. Sci., Ser. C. 266:1114.); explosive acetyl nitrate is formed if ammonium nitrate is also added (Leach, J.T. 1981. Journal of Hazardous Materials 4:271-281).

Addition of acetic acid to a mixture of HNO3 and acetic anhydride results in rapid exothermic decomposition of the nitric acid (Semenikhim, V.I. et al. 1980. Tr. Mosk. Khim. Tekhnol. Inst. im. D.I. Mendeleeva 112:43-47; 1982. Chemical Abstracts 97:99151n.).

Mixtures of phthalic anhydride with nitric and sulfuric acids at 80-100 C can violently decompose after a delay; the reaction is attributed to formation of explosive acyl nitrates (Tryman, J.H.P. et al. 1972. Chemistry and Industry 664; Bretherick, L. 1972. Chemistry and Industry 790.).

Acetic anhydride and hypochlorous acid form explosive mixtures, which may include chlorine monoxide and acetyl hypochlorite (Unfalle beim Chemischen Arbeiten, Rust, E., Ebert, A., Zurich, Rascher Verlag, 2nd edition, 1948, pp. 341.).

Acetic anhydride is violently and exothermically hydrolyzed by chromic acid (Dawkins, A.E. 1956. Chemistry and Industry 196.).

Oxidizing acids may react with anhydrides to liberate toxic SOx, NOx, and XO2 gases and inert CO2 gases (Predicted).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
• Sulfur Oxides (SOx)
• Halogen Oxides (XO2)