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Hazard Predictions

• Corrosive: Reaction products may be corrosive
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

Amides react with phosgene, forming toxic HCl gas, inert CO2 gas, and water-soluble toxic nitriles (Dunlap, K.L. 2005. Phosgene. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Online); Zabicky, J., ed. 1970. The Chemistry of Amides. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 803.).

Amides can react with acyl fluorides to produce CO2 as a byproduct (Zabicky, J., ed. 1970. The Chemistry of Amides. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 804.).

DMF reacts vigorously and exothermically with cyanuric chloride after an induction period, with evolution of inert CO2 gas (British Chemical Industrial Safety Council. 1960. Quarterly Safety Summary 35:24.).

Formamide reacts with phosphoryl chloride to liberate toxic HCl gas (Smith, P. A. S., Open-Chain Nitrogen Compounds, Vol. I. New York: W. A. Benjamin, Inc., 1965, pp. 143). Formamide also reacts with phosgene to liberate toxic CH3Cl gas (Ibid, pp. 148).

THF and sulfinyl chloride can react violently and exothermically with evolution of toxic SO3 gas if insufficiently stirred (Jackson, R.W. et al. 1988. Chemical and Engineering News 66(27):2.).

Amides may react with PBr3 and PF3 to produce toxic HBr and HF gases. (Predicted by comparison to similar reactions).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Halocarbons
• Hydrogen Halide (HX)
• Sulfur Oxides (SOx)
• Acid Fumes