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Hazard Predictions

• Explosive: Reaction products may be explosive or sensitive to shock or friction
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

Nitric acid forms explosive mixtures with ammonium nitrate, particularly if fuels are present (Biasutti, G.S., History of Accidents in the Explosives Industry, Vevey, 1981, p. 135).

Mixtures of sodium dichromate and H2SO4 can react violently with organic residues and fuels (Bradshaw, J.R. 1970. Process Biochemistry 5(11):19).

H2SO4 reacts with exothermically with permanganates to produce highly oxidizing permanganic acid (Urben, P.G. 1995. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1453.).

The reaction of fluorine and perchloric acid produces explosive fluorine perchlorate gas (Rohrbock, G.H. et al. 1947. Journal of the American Chemical Society 69:677-678.).

Metal chlorates react violently with H2SO4 and other oxidizing acids, evolving explosive and toxic ClO2 gas (Mellor, J.W. 1941. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 2, p. 315. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.; Stossel, E. et al. 1944. U.S. Patent 2338268.).

The reaction between sodium chlorate and hypochlorous acid liberates toxic HCl and combustion-enhancing O2 gases (Masschelein, W. J. Chlorine Dioxide. Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc., 1979 pp. 161).

Oxidizing acids that contain chlorine may produce toxic Cl2 gas along with other toxic gases when exposed to oxidizing agents (Predicted by comparison to similar reactions).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Hydrogen Halide (HX)
• Halogen Oxides (XO2)
• Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2)
• Oxygen (O2)
• Fluorine Perchlorate (FClO4)
• Chlorine (Cl2)
• Acid Fumes