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Hazard Predictions

• Explosive: Reaction products may be explosive or sensitive to shock or friction
• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

Reaction of formic acid and NaClO produces toxic and flammable carbon monoxide, oxidizing oxygen, and inert CO2 gas, and can accelerate to explosion at 55 C (Khristoskova, S. 1983. Chemical Abstracts 98:95125.).

Oxalic acid reacts exothermically with NaClO2, evolving toxic and oxidizing ClO2 gas which can be ignited by reaction heat (MCA Case History No. 839, Case Histories of Accidents in the Chemical Industry, Washington, Manufacturing Chemists' Association.).

Propionic acid is oxidized by KMnO4 to inert CO2 gas and water-soluble and toxic oxalic acid (Samel, U.R. 2002. Propionic Acid and Derivatives. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. (Online)).

Oxalic acid is oxidized by KMnO4 to inert CO2 gas (Riemenschneider, W. 2002. Oxalic Acid. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA. (Online)).

Acetic acid reacts exothermically and explosively with permanganate salts (e.g., KMnO4) (Fire and Explosion Risks, von Schwartz, E., London, Griffin, 1918, p. 34), and reacts explosively with CrO3 if heated (British Chemical Industrial Safety Council. 1966. Quarterly Safety Summary. pp. 30, 37.).

Acetic acid forms peroxyacetic acid in a violent and potentially explosive reaction with Na2O2 (Fire and Explosion Risks, von Schwartz, E., London, Griffin, 1918, p. 321.) or H2O2 (Grundmann, C. et al. 1939. Ber. 69:1755; National Fire Protection Association. 1975. Publication 491M. pp. 207.).

Oxalic acid reacts explosively with NaClO3 (Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 2369.).

Formic acid forms unstable peroxyformic acid with H2O2 (Isard. 1974. A. Chemical Tech. 4:380.); decomposition of peroxyformic acid is highly exothermic (Fundamentals of Fire and Explosion, AIChE Monograph Series No. 10, Stull, D. R., New York, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1977, pp. 19.).

Formic acid and thallium nitrate may explode if oxidizable materials are present (National Fire Protection Association. 1975. Publication 491M. pp. 416.).

Carboxylic acids, including acetic acid and pelargonic acid, ignite on contact with CrO3 (Fawcett, H.H. 1959. Industrial and Chemical Engineering 51(4):90A; Mikhailov, V. 1960. Chemical Abstracts 54:23331f; Mellor, J.W. 1943. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd. Volume 11. pp. 235.).

Carboxylic acids, including lactic acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid, can ignite on contact with KMnO4 (Rathsbury, H. et al. 1941. Chem. Ztg. 65:426-427.).

Mixtures of acetic acid and ammonium nitrate may ignite if warmed (Fire and Explosion Risks, von Schwartz, E., London, Griffin, 1918, p. 322.).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2)
• Carbon Monoxide (CO)
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Oxygen (O2)