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Oxidizing Agents, Strong mixed with
Reducing Agents, Weak

Hazard Predictions

• Explosive: Reaction products may be explosive or sensitive to shock or friction
• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Unstable when heated: Reaction products may be unstable above ambient temperatures
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive

NaClO3 reacts exothermically with ammonium thiosulfate, releasing toxic CO2 and NOx gases (MCA Case History No. 2019, Case Histories of Accidents in the Chemical Industry, Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Washington).

Carbon can ignite or explode in contact with oxygen, metal oxides, peroxides, metal oxosalts, halogens, interhalogens, and other oxidants (Urben, P.G. 1995. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 125).

H2 ignites on contact with BrF5 (Mellor, J.W. 1956. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 2, Supp. 1, p. 172. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

Mixtures of hydrogen and fluorine can explode under ambient conditions if fluorine is in excess (A. D. Kirshenbaum, 1956, Final Report on Fundamental Studies of New Explosive Reactions, Philadelphia, Research Institute of Temple University, pp. 46).

Sulfur, phosphorus, selenium, and tellurium ignite on contact with F2 at ambient temperature (Mellor, J.W. 1940. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 2, p. 11, 12. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.; 1956. Volume 2, Supplemental 1. pp. 60; 1946. Volume 5. pp. 785, 822; 1940. Volume 6. pp. 161; 1939. Volume 9. pp. 34, 1943. Volume 11. pp. 26).

Mixtures of CrO3 and sulfur can ignite if warmed (Mellor, J.W. 1943. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 11, p. 234. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

Carbon ignites if heated with KMnO4 (Mellor, J.W. 1942. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 1, p. 319-323. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

Antimony or arsenic can ignite or explode if ground with KMnO4 (Mellor, J.W. 1942. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 12, p. 322. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

Mixtures of KClO4 and sulfur are pyrotechnic explosives, and are impact-sensitive (J. C. Schumacher. 1960. Perchlorates, their Properties, Manufacture and Uses. ACS 146, New York, Reinhold, pp. 211-212).

NaClO3 can form flammable or explosive mixtures with phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur (MCA Safety Datasheet 42, Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Washington, 1952).

Mixtures of sodium thiosulfate and sodium nitrate are explosive if heated (Mellor, J.W. 1941. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 2, p. 820. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.) or allowed to dry (Stevens, H.P. 1946. J. Proc. R. Inst. Chem. 285).

H2 forms explosive mixtures with bromine (Mellor, J.W. 1956. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 2, Supp. 1, p. 707. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

Mixtures of H2 and Cl2 are explosive, and can be initiated by several means, including sparks and heat (Mellor, J.W. 1956. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 2, Supp. 1, pp. 373-375. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

Phosphorus or sulfur form friction-and-heat sensitive explosive mixtures with KMnO4 (Mellor, J.W. 1942. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 1, p. 319-323. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

Potassium nitrate forms explosive mixture (black powder) with sulfur and carbon (Mellor, J.W. 1941. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 2, pp. 820, 825. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.; 1963. Volume 2, Supplemental 2.2. pp. 1939).

KNO3 forms potentially explosive mixtures with arsenic (Mellor, J.W. 1939. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 9, p. 35. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.) or reductants such as sodium phosphinate or sodium thiosulfate (Mellor. 1941. Volume 2. pp. 820).

Reaction of CrO3 and selenium is violent (Mellor, J.W. 1943. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 11, p. 233. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

Sodium chlorate may react with sulfur dioxide to liberate toxic and flammable ClO2 and toxic Cl2 gases (Masschelein, W. J. Chlorine Dioxide. Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc., 1979, pp. 114).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)