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Hazard Predictions

• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive

Addition of ammonia or other bases catalyzes decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, producing combustion-enhancing oxygen gas (Berthold, W. et al. 1980. Proceedings 3rd International Symposium on Loss Prevention Safety Prom. Chem. Ind., Basle, SSCI. pp. 1431-1434.).

NH3 reacts violently with nitryl chloride, even at very low temperatures forming hazardous liquids NH2Cl and hydrazine (Batey, H.H. et al. 1952. Journal of the American Chemical Society 74:3408.).

Ammonia reacts with strong oxidants such as KMnO4 to produce metal oxides, water, and inert N2 gas, and with chlorine gas to produce inert N2 gas and NH4Cl (Eggeman, T. 2001. Ammonia. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Online))

Ammonia forms explosive compounds with chlorates and reacts explosively with nitrogen oxides (hypergolic with NO, NO2, N2O4) (Eggeman, T. 2001. Ammonia. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Online)).

NH3 may explode on contact with bromine pentafluoride (Mellor, J.W. 1956. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 2, Supp. 1, p. 172. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.), ClF3 (Mellor. 1956. Volume 2, Supplemental 1. pp. 157.), and Cl2O (Mellor. 1941. Volume 2. pp. 241-242; Mellor. 1946. Volume 5. pp. 824.).

NH3 explodes violently, even at very low temperatures, in contact with a F2O2/F2O4 mixture "F2O3" (Streng, A.G. 1963. Chemical Reviews 619.).

NH3 reacts with magnesium perchlorate exothermically, and potentially explosively (National Fire Protection Association. 1975. Publication 491M. pp. 244.).

Ammonia ignites on contact with F2 (Mellor, J.W. 1940. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 8, p. 216. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

NH3 forms explosive compounds, including Ag3N, with AgNO3 (MCA Case Histories 1733. Case Histories of Accidents in the Chemical Industry, Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Washington. pp. 1554.).

NH3 forms explosive nitrogen trihalides with halogens, including bromine (Mellor, J.W. 1967. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 8, Supp. 2, p. 417. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.), chlorine (Mellor. 1941. Volume 2. pp. 95; Mellor. 1940. Volume 8. pp. 99, 288, 313, 607.), and iodine (Mellor. 1940. Volume 8. pp. 605; Mellor. 1967. Volume 8, Supplemental 2.2. pp. 416.).

Silver oxide and ammonia form explosive compounds, possibly including Ag3N4 (MacWilliam, E.A. 1977. Photogr. Sci. Eng. 21:221-224.).

Ammonia can initiate explosion of nitrogen trichloride (Mellor, J.W. 1940. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 8, p. 601-604. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.; Mellor. 1967. Volume 8, Supplemental 2.2. pp. 412.).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Ammonia (NH3)
• Oxygen (O2)