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Hazard Predictions

• Corrosive: Reaction products may be corrosive
• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE, LIQUID fumes in air to form hydrochloric acid. The compound reacts with water to yield heat and antimony pentaoxide (Sb2O5) and hydrochloric acid (The Merck Index, Rahway (NJ), Merck and Co. Inc., 11th ed. 1989).

CHROMOUS CHLORIDE is stable in dry air, but oxidizes rapidly in moist air or standing water with liberation of hydrogen (The Merck Index, Rahway (NJ), Merck and Co. Inc., 11th ed. 1989).

When exposed to air, white phosphorus emits a green light and gives off white fumes. It ignites at 30 C in moist air; higher temperatures are required for ignition in dry air (The Merck Index, Rahway (NJ), Merck and Co. Inc., 11th ed. 1989).

PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE fumes in air. The chemical reacts violently with water, generating dense hydrogen chloride vapors. In experiments at Argonne National Laboratory, in which it was mixed with water and stirred at room conditions, the maximum theoretical yield of HCl gas was generated within 10 minutes (Brown, D. F., et al. (2000) Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for the 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook, ANL/DIS-00-1, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL).

PHOSPHORUS TRIBROMIDE fumes in air. The chemical is decomposed by water to form phosphoric acid and hydrobromic acid. Reaction with warm water is very rapid and may be violent (Mellor, J.W. 1940. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 8, p. 1032. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

With water, sodium hydrosulfite slowly oxidizes to sodium bisulfite and later to sulfur dioxide and sodium hydroxide with evolution of heat. The chemical may ignite combustible materials in contact with moisture or air. Moist sodium hydrosulfite is likely to ignite upon drying (Hazardous Chemical Reactions, NFPA 491M, Quincy (MA), National Fire Protection Association, 10th ed., 1991). This compound is soluble in water and would dissolve smoothly with no evolution of gases in most spills. However, large spills into small amounts of water could cause heating due to heat of dissolution, possibly resulting in decomposition and evolution of SO2 gas and possibly H2S gas (Brown, D. F., et al. (2000) Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for the 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook, ANL/DIS-00-1, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Acid Fumes
• Hydrogen (H2)
• Hydrogen Halide (HX)