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Hazard Predictions

• Explosive: Reaction products may be explosive or sensitive to shock or friction
• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive

Sodium, potassium, and sodium-potassium alloy form shock-sensitive explosive mixtures with halide salts of metals or metalloids (except those of the alkali or alkaline earth metals) (Dickinson, F. 1961. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 2, Supplement 2, p. 497, 563. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.; Dickinson, F. 1961. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 2, Supplement 3, p. 1571. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.; Ellern, H. 1968. Military and Civilian Pyrotechnics. pp. 43. New York: Chemical Publishing Co.).

When the reactions mentioned above are performed in a controlled fashion, the metals from the salts are reduced to finely divided and highly reactive metal powders, which are often pyrophoric in air (Rieke, R.D. Accounts of Chemical Research, 1977, 10, p. 301-305).

The reductions of many metal oxides by warm lithium are violently exothermic (Bretherick, L. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 4th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1649).

Sodium reduces many metal oxides, including the oxides of alkali metals, mercury, cadmium, zinc, and iron (Eggeman, T. 2007. Sodium and Sodium Alloys. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Online)).