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Hazard Predictions

• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Polymerization hazard: Polymerization reaction may become intense and may cause pressurization

The reaction of aldehydes and oxidizing acids may produce carboxylic acids. If monoalkyl- or dialkylacetoacetic acids are produced, they may undergo a further decarboxylation reaction, releasing CO2 gas (Morrison, R. 1973. Organic Chemistry. Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Boston, pp. 630).

Acids promote the exothermic and potentially violent polymerization of acetaldehyde, even at low temperatures (Fleischmann, G., R. Jira. 2002. Acetaldehyde. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA (Online); Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 5).

Acids or acid fumes promote the violent polymerization of acrolein (MCA Safety Datasheet 85, Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Washington, 1961; Urben, P.G. 1995. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 417; Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 63).

Acids promote the polymerization of crotonaldehyde (Schulz, R.P., J. Blumenstein, and C. Kohlpaintner. 2002. Crotonaldehyde. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. (Online)).

The hydrolysis of formaldehyde, producing the water-soluble and toxic compounds methanol and formic acid, is catalyzed by hot acid (Staudinger, H. et al. 1929. Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie. 474. p. 254-255; Prins, H.J. 1952. Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays Bas 71:1131-1136).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Alcohols
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)