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Aldehydes mixed with
Oxidizing Agents, Strong

Hazard Predictions

• Explosive: Reaction products may be explosive or sensitive to shock or friction
• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

Reaction of formalin solution and KMnO4 is exothermic and toxic, flammable formaldehyde gas may be evolved (Piefel, W. et al. 1977. Chemical Abstracts 86:60508.).

Reactions between acrolein and compounds containing the hypochlorite or hypobromite ions release toxic chloroform or bromoform (Illari, G. 1951. Gazz. Chim. (Ital.) 81:439.; Chemical Abstracts 46:5532.).

Combination of acetaldehyde and undiluted N2O5 is explosive even at cryogenic temperatures (Kacmarek, A.J. et al. 1975. Journal of Organic Chemistry 40:1853.).

Aldehydes, including acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, and benzaldehyde, ignite on contact with CrO3 (Fawcett, H.H. 1959. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 51(4):90A; Mikhailov, V. 1960. Chemical Abstracts 54:23331f; Mellor, J.W. 1943. Mellor's Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry. Vol. 11, p. 235. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.).

Aldehydes, including acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and isobutyraldehyde, can ignite on contact with KMnO4 (Rathsbury, H. et al. 1941. Chem. Ztg. 65:426-427.).

Acetaldehyde forms explosive salts with mercuric perchlorate or mercuric chlorate (Sorbe. 1968. Giftige und Explosive Substanzen, Frankfurt, Umschau Verlag, pp. 97).

Acetaldehyde forms explosive silver fulminate with AgNO3 (Luchs, J.K. 1966. Photog. Sci. Eng. 10:336.).

Formaldehyde and other aldehydes form explosive mixtures with H2O2 (Monger, H.M. et al. 1961. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 6(1):23.).

Acetaldehyde forms explosive polymeric peroxides with H2O2 (Karnojitzky, V.J. 1962. Chim. Ind. (Paris) 88:235.).

Acetaldehyde forms peroxyacetic acid, a peroxidization initiator, upon long-term contact with air (Fleischmann, G., R. Jira. 2002. Acetaldehyde. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. (Online)); other aldehydes are also known to form peroxides when exposed to air (Urben, P.G. 1995. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 5th Edition. Volume 2. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 13.).

Formaldehyde reacts vigorously with KMnO4 (Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 1748.).

NaClO can react violently with furfuraldehyde or benzaldehyde (Birchwood, P.J. 1985. Chemistry in Britain 21:29).

Reactions of acrolein and oxidizing agents pose a fire hazard (Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 63.).

Acetaldehyde ignites in air at 71 C and poses a fire hazard at even slightly elevated temperatures (MCA Case History No. 117, Case Histories of Accidents in the Chemical Industry, Washington, Manufacturing Chemists' Association; Armstamyan, A.M. et al. 1984. Chemical Abstracts 101:194603.).

The reaction of formaldehyde with hydrogen peroxide yields flammable H2 gas (Walker, F. J., Formaldehyde. New York: ACS Monograph Series, 1964, pp. 244).

Nitric oxide reacts with formaldehyde to form flammable and toxic nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, and inert CO2 gas (Walker, F. J., Formaldehyde. New York: ACS Monograph Series, 1964, pp. 255).

The reaction between aldehydes and hypofluorites may lead to the production of fluoroform (Predicted by extension of similar reactions).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Carbon Monoxide (CO)
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Hydrogen (H2)
• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
• Aldehydes
• Halocarbons