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Hazard Predictions

• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive

In general, nitrate and nitrite salts with redox-active cations are more reactive with organic materials and reducing agents at ambient conditions. Redox-active cations are transition metals and the metals in group 3a, 4a, and 5a of the periodic table and also include the ammonium cation NH4+. In general, nitrate and nitrite salts with non-redox active cations (also called spectator cations) are less reactive at ambient conditions. These include the alkali metals and alkaline earth salts. Caution should be used before proceeding. Further research of comparable examples in the literature or very small scale, carefully controlled experiments may be needed to fully assess compatibility.

Further information: When mixing ammonium nitrate and urea, there is no danger of violent reaction as long as the components remain in solution. Processing temperatures should not exceed 120掳C (Rubstov, Yu. I. et al., Chem. Abs., 1988, 108, 13711).

A mixture containing 51% of calcium nitrate and 12% ammonium nitrate with 27% formamide and 10% water is detonable at 20掳C (Wilson, J. F. et al., S. Afr. Pat. 74 03 305, 1974).

Fusion of urea (2 mol) with sodium nitrite (or potassium nitrite, 1 mol of either) to give high yields of the cyanate must be carried out exactly as described to avoid the risk of explosion (Bucci, F., Ann. Chim. (Rome), 1951, 41, 58).