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Hazard Predictions

• Corrosive: Reaction products may be corrosive
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Unstable when heated: Reaction products may be unstable above ambient temperatures
• Toxic: Reaction products may be toxic

Nitrites can react with acids to form unstable nitrous acid, which decomposes into toxic nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gases unless it is kept cold and very dilute (Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd ed.; Pearson: Harlow (England), 2005, p. 415). This reaction contributed to an industrial accident where a mixture of nickel nitrate and phosphoric acid was inadvertently added to a tank containing sodium nitrite, and within minutes a large quantity of toxic nitrogen oxide gases was produced that required the evacuation of the plant (National Transportation Safety Board Hazardous Materials Accident Brief No. DCA99MZ003, HZB/00/02, 1998).

In general, nitrate and nitrite salts with redox active cations are more reactive with organic materials and reducing agents at ambient conditions. Redox active cations are transition metals and the metals in group 3a, 4a, and 5a of the periodic table and also include the ammonium cation NH4+. In general, nitrate and nitrite salts with non-redox active cations (also called spectator cations) are less reactive at ambient conditions. These include the alkali metals and alkaline earth salts. Caution should be used before proceeding. Further research of comparable examples in the literature or very small scale, carefully controlled experiments may be needed to fully assess compatibility. Caution is justified for weak acids that are organic in nature.

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)