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Hazard Predictions

• Flammable: Reaction products may be flammable
• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Polymerization hazard: Polymerization reaction may become intense and may cause pressurization

1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane reacts explosively with aniline (Hearfield, F. 1980. Chemical Abstracts 92:115649; Lewis, R.J., Sr. 1992. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 8th Edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 254), or exothermically and violently with isopropylamine (Barton, N. et al. 1971. Chemistry and Industry 994).

Ethylene oxide can explosively polymerize on contact with amines, including triethylamine, causing pressurization (Gupta, A.K. 1949. J. Soc. Chem. (Ind.) 68: 179; British Chemical Industrial Safety Council. 1966. Quarterly Safety Summaries, London, British Chemical Industries Safety Council, 1966, vol. 37, p. 44).

Accidental contamination by aqueous ammonia of an ethylene oxide feed tank containing 22 t caused violent polymerization which ruptured the tank and led to a devastating vapor cloud explosion (MCA Case History No. 792, Case Histories of Accidents in the Chemical Industry, Washington, Manufacturing Chemists' Association; Troyan, J. E. et al., Loss Prev., 1968, 2, 125-130). Other very similar base-catalyzed incidents have also occurred (Fundamentals of Fire and Explosion, AIChE Monograph Series No. 10, Stull, D. R., New York, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1977, p. 26-27).

Ethylene sulfite is prepared from ethylene oxide, pyridine, and sulfur dioxide in excess to prevent polymerization of ethylene oxide. Use of a deficiency of sulfur dioxide led to rupture of a reactor from that cause (Case Histories of Runaway Reactions, Nolan, P. F., London, Polytechnic of the South Bank, 1983, Case History 151).

Accidental contamination of a large ethylene oxide feed-cylinder by reaction liquor containing trimethylamine caused the cylinder to explode 18 h later (Quarterly Safety Summaries, London, British Chemical Industries Safety Council, 1966, vol. 37, p. 4).

Flammable hydrocarbons were released during decomposition in the latter stages of a runaway polymerization reaction between amines and epoxides (C. Beyler and M. Hirschler, Thermal Decomposition of Polymers, Section 1, Chapter 7, p 1-128).

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Hydrocarbons