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Hazard Predictions

• Generates gas: Reaction liberates gaseous products and may cause pressurization
• Generates heat: Exothermic reaction at ambient temperatures (releases heat)
• Intense or explosive reaction: Reaction may be particularly intense, violent, or explosive
• Polymerization hazard: Polymerization reaction may become intense and may cause pressurization

Strong anionic bases can initiate the anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers such as acrylates or acrylic acid. This is an exothermic reaction (Morrison, R. T. and Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Allyn and Bacon, Inc, Boston, Third edition, 1973, pp. 442-443).

The polymerization inhibitor p-tert-butylcatechol can be removed from a solution of a vinyl monomer such as acrylic acid by washing with dilute sodium or potassium hydroxide solution. The deactivation of the polymerization inhibitor can lead to the exothermic polymerization of the acrylate (Styrene: its polymers, copolymers, and derivatives. American Chemical Society Monograph series, No. 115. Edited by Ray H. Boundy, Raymond F. Boyer, and Sylvia M. Stoesser. New York, Reinhold, 1952. p. 208).

Acrylates and acrylic acids are polymerizable materials and are typically inhibited with low ppm levels of antioxidants (inhibitors) to prevent premature polymerization chain reactions. Many of these inhibitors require dissolved oxygen to be effective. Inhibitor depletion is a function of time and temperature, with higher temperatures increasing depletion rates. These materials are known to be susceptible to destabilization due to low ppm levels of contaminants. Radical generating contaminants such as peroxides and azides are known to initiate monomer polymerization; however, the effects of seemingly benign materials are harder to predict. Therefore, extreme caution should be used in any contamination event. And the material should be presumed to be destabilized until testing and consultation with experts. Uncontrolled polymerization reactions can become adiabatic and lead to a serious runaway reaction with high temperatures and pressures. The general hazards of monomers are discussed in Frurip et al., Process Safety Progress (Vol. 14, No. 2) 1995.

Potential Gas Byproducts

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Hydrocarbons